Results further suggest that those alterations may underlie attention and executive dysfunction in children with PAE. Increased intra-network together with reduced internetwork FC suggests inefficient network specialization and impaired long-range FC among attention network regions after PAE. FC predicted cognitive performance, negatively in the children with PAE and positively in controls. Graph-theoretical metrics did not differ by group. Nevertheless, the behavior of children with prenatal alcohol exposure seems to be worsened in the presence of ADHD and possibly other common psychiatric. PAE was associated with increased FC between the right precuneus and intraparietal lobes, the right anterior prefrontal cortex and left ventral frontal cortex and aI/fO, and the left thalamus and dorsal frontal cortex. Relative to controls, PAE was associated with reduced FC between the left temporoparietal junction and left ventral frontal cortex and anterior insula/frontal operculum (aI/fO), and between the left intraparietal sulcus and bilateral aI/fO. Inter- and intra-network FC and graph-theoretical metrics were calculated among attention network regions. Participants completed standardized attention and executive functioning tasks and resting state functional MRI. We examined the functional connectivity (FC) among regions within and between attention networks, and whether inter- and intranetwork FC moderated cognition in children with PAE ( n = 37 age 12.8 ± 2.8 years) and nonexposed controls ( n = 40 age 13.2 ± 2.8 years). Cognitive and functional brain alterations can occur in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE).
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